Chondrocalcinosis, also known as “pseudogout,” is a type of arthritis in which crystals of calcium pyrophosphate (*CPP) form in the blood and are deposited in the joint cartilage. This phenomenon can trigger inflammatory attacks in the joints. Although it is more common in people over 60, it can occur at earlier ages. The exact reason why CPP crystals form is unknown, but factors such as excess iron or calcium, low magnesium levels, and thyroid dysfunction may contribute. CPP crystals have also been found in the joints of people with osteoarthritis.
What are the Signs/Symptoms?
Symptoms of chondrocalcinosis include severe joint pain, heat, and swelling. The knees are the most affected joints, although others may also be involved. If left untreated, *chondrocalcinosis can lead to severe and painful attacks as well as chronic inflammation of the joints. Articular cartilage can deteriorate, causing disability. The rheumatologist makes the diagnosis based on symptoms and medical tests. In some cases, it is necessary to extract fluid from a joint to confirm the diagnosis. Imaging such as MRIs, ultrasounds, or X-rays can show calcium deposits in the cartilage.
How is it treated?
In acute events of *chondrocalcinosis, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are prescribed to relieve joint pain and swelling. There is no treatment to dissolve the crystals. The rheumatologist may drain fluid from the affected joint and inject a *corticosteroid. Colchicine or low-dose NSAIDs can be used to prevent future attacks. In cases of severe attacks or chronic inflammation, options such as methotrexate may be considered. In situations of significant joint pain, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace the affected joints.
A timely diagnosis and treatment of *chondrocalcinosis can relieve symptoms and prevent joint pain. It is crucial to see a rheumatologist as soon as symptoms appear to rule out other possible causes and start treatment. In some cases, rheumatologists may refer patients with chondrocalcinosis to physical and occupational therapists. These health professionals guide therapy to improve flexibility, relieve joint pain and adapt movements for better functionality.
